Look for signs such as missing, bent, or curled shingles, water leaks (stains on ceilings or walls), sagging areas, mold or moss growth, granules in gutters, and general deterioration. Regular inspections, especially after severe weather, are crucial.

Common issues include roof leaks (often near chimneys, gutters, flashing, vents, and pipes), damaged or missing shingles, clogged gutters and drainage problems, damaged flashing (metal strips around joints), stagnant or pooling water (especially on flat roofs), and damage from weather (wind, rain, snow, ice) and trees.

Not necessarily. If the leak is due to minor damage, a repair might be sufficient. A professional inspection can identify the source of the leak and recommend the best course of action. However, persistent leaks can lead to significant structural damage, mold growth, and insulation issues if left unaddressed.

If the damage is minor and the roof is relatively young (less than 15-20 years old), repair might be a cost-effective solution. However, if the roof is old, has extensive damage, or if repairs are becoming frequent, a full replacement might be the better long-term investment. NYC building codes might also require a full replacement if repairs exceed 25% of the roof area.

The average lifespan of a roof is about 20 years with regular maintenance. Certain materials like cement fiber, tile, slate, and copper can last 30 years or longer.